Although we dutifully adjust our lives for it twice a year, the whole “Spring forward, fall back” phenomenon can be puzzling. For many people, when the time change approaches in spring or fall, it brings with it at least a moment of confusion: How does daylight saving time work, again? What day do we do this, and what time exactly do we change our clocks? Are we gaining an hour, or losing one? If that hour is truly lost, where does it go? And is it Daylight Saving or Daylight Savings Time?
That last one’s easy. Strange as it sounds if you usually say the “s,” the proper name is Daylight Saving Time. As for the rest of it, here are the facts you need to know about springing forward and falling back.
Why Does Daylight Saving Time Exist?
The first person known to have suggested a seasonal adjustment of time was none other than Benjamin Franklin. In 1784, he noted that sleeping in despite the sun’s rising earlier in the summer was a waste of good daylight. He suggested, humorously, not a nationwide changing of clocks but rather a volley of early morning cannon fire to rouse people from their beds. Several other innovators around the world had similar ideas over the next century. Some proposed more serious plans to do something about it, but ultimately these were seen as impractical and unwelcome.
The urgent need to conserve fuel during World War I finally made 31 nations implement a version of Daylight Saving Time or DST. After the war was over, most of them returned to “normal,” but soon enough World War II began. Then, 52 countries adopted the energy-saving schedule adjustment. Some changed their clocks for the whole year, including the United States. The U.S. remained on what was then called “wartime” from 1942 to 1945. (Daylight Saving Time would be extended again during the oil crisis of the 1970s.) After the war, when mandatory nationwide “wartime” ended, clock-related matters were left to state and local governments to regulate (or not) as they chose.
The federal government didn’t attempt to standardize the process again until 1966. It enacted the Uniform Time Act and established dates and times for those areas choosing to change their clocks. Further adjustments were made in 1986 and 2007. Today most people in the U.S. change their clocks at the agreed-upon time and date twice a year.
Does Everyone Observe the Time Change?
There are exceptions, however. The U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands do not observe daylight saving time, nor does the state of Hawaii. In the lower 48, only Arizona does not use DST. However, the Navajo Nation, located within Arizona, does, while the Hopi Reservation, located within the Navajo Nation, does not. In most places, an extra hour of daylight saves on fuel used to heat and illuminate homes and businesses. This was not the case in Arizona where consumption of energy skyrocketed with even one extra hour of daylight. So after the first year, most of Arizona opted out of Daylight Saving Time.
Indiana mandated Daylight Saving Time observance in 2006. Before that, some counties in the state changed their clocks while the others didn’t – compounding the confusion in a state spread across two time zones.
Canada and Mexico change their clocks, although there are some regional exceptions and slight differences in Daylight Saving Time start and end dates. Much of the European Union uses Daylight Saving Time, for now. There is talk of abandoning the practice, as some European countries not in the EU, and Russia, have already done. In the Southern Hemisphere, countries that practice Daylight Saving Time spring back and fall forward. Most Asian and African nations do not use Daylight Saving Time at all.
Are We Gaining or Losing an Hour?
Twice a year, most people find themselves wondering, how does daylight saving time work? In the spring, we “spring forward,” moving our clocks ahead one hour so that 1:59 a.m. turns not to 2 a.m. as usual but to 3 a.m., skipping—or losing—an hour. Most people don’t think about it, as they are asleep, but this spring day is only 23 hours long.
In the fall, when we “fall back,” the clocks go from 1:59 a.m. back to 1 a.m. instead of to the usual 2 a.m., repeating—or gaining—an hour. This fall day is 25 hours long, and the hour between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. repeats. That means if a baby is born at, say, 1:45 a.m.—or if for some reason you’re awake and have something scheduled at that time—it’s important to specify at which 1:45 a.m. the birth or event is taking place.
How Does Daylight Saving Time Work?
Of course, Daylight Saving Time does not have any effect on the sun or the changing of the seasons. It simply alters the way we experience those aspects of nature through our clocks and calendars. By shifting those points in the day when we decide it’s time to get up, go to work, and eat dinner, we can have slightly more daylight hours toward the end of our days. This is the case for nearly eight months out of the year.
When it comes to how does daylight saving time work, the simplest facts are:
- Daylight Saving Time in the United States begins at 2 a.m. on the second Sunday in March.
- Daylight Saving Time ends at 2 a.m. on the first Sunday in November.
These days, most clocks, like on cell phones, change on their own. However, we still need to pay attention to those that don’t like old-fashioned alarm clocks, watches, and the digital clocks in cars and on stoves.
Daylight Saving Time starts this year on Sunday, March 13, 2022 and ends on Sunday, November 6, 2022.
What Are the Pros and Cons of Daylight Saving Time?
Daylight Saving Time feels entrenched in our society, but it is not without controversy, and it is not a given. Countries have been known to give it up entirely, even decades after implementing it. More are likely to follow, as further research evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of this regular hiccup in our schedules.
Historically, advocates for Daylight Saving Time have said it saves energy. With more daylight, people use less electricity to light their homes and spend less time running appliances. Some say it reduces traffic accidents. When it’s lighter later, the reasoning goes, we spend less time commuting in the dark.
Other celebrated aspects of Daylight Saving Time range from the wholesome to the financial:
- Children have more time to play outside.
- Adults have more time to shop and stimulate local economies.
- More daylight provides more time for events, giving a financial boost to the sports and recreation industries.
Opponents of Daylight Saving Time claim that the practice may not save much energy after all. They say it may even increase the use of electricity in some cases, like cooling homes in climates like Arizona’s. Similarly, they say Daylight Saving Time might not actually lead to an overall improvement in public safety, and that sleep-deprived workers and drivers are more likely to make deadly mistakes.
Detractors also claim that adjusting to the time change interrupts our natural cycles of sleep, leading to fatigue, a greater susceptibility to illness, and even a brief increase in heart attacks. Interestingly, despite the common belief that DST was instituted to benefit farmers, the agriculture industry fought against the switch when it was first introduced. Having to adjust to the clock, rather than work with the sun as usual, disrupted their routines with detrimental effects. Many farmers still oppose it today.
Why is the Time Change So Confusing?
Although many contest the perks and drawbacks of Daylight Saving Time, no one disputes the time change is confusing – and not just because it might make you late for a morning meeting. In 1922, President Warren G. Harding issued an executive order mandating an earlier start for federal workers, while letting other employers in D.C. decide whether to join in. This effectively turned Washington into a city with no set schedule, and the resulting chaos was so overwhelming that Harding was forced to repeal his order.
Even today, there are aspects of life that don’t fit neatly into our manipulation of the clock. Amtrak trains running on the two nights of the year when Daylight Savings Time begins and ends have to be creative. They must either stop and wait for an hour or speed up and attempt to make up for lost time. And we can only guess what Benjamin Franklin would have thought of the headaches his idea now causes for airlines trying to schedule international flights. They juggle flight schedules among nearly 200 countries in different hemispheres, each with a quirky clock-changing system of its own.
What Else Should I Do When I Change My Clocks?
You’re probably familiar with the idea of changing the batteries in your smoke detectors every time you change your clocks. The International Association of Fire Chiefs has been advocating tying this life-saving task to that other twice-yearly chore for the past 30 years. It works because announcements about turning clocks forward or back are nearly unavoidable. And even if you do manage to miss the reminders, you’ll certainly notice the next day when your phones and computers have automatically adjusted themselves.
The time change is a good opportunity to complete other household tasks that should be done a few times a year. So what else might you link to your Daylight Saving Time fall and spring routines?
- Along with smoke alarms, change the batteries in carbon monoxide detectors and any other safety monitors in your house.
- Flip your mattresses and wash your pillows.
- Check your home and auto emergency kits to make sure you’re prepared for a storm or power outage.
- Replace air filters to help ensure heating and air conditioning systems are running efficiently.
- Declutter your bathroom and kitchen and get rid of expired food, products and medicines.
- Deep clean anything that isn’t part of your regular cleaning routine, like the oven.
And—while you’re at it—use these biannual blips in the passage of time as reminders to take care of other things that are important to you. Even if the adjustment is difficult for you, be thankful that at least you’re not being awakened by the blast of a cannon.
Comment below to let us know how the time change affects you. How do you prepare or adjust? What routines do you align with the time change?
I feel people can manage their own lives without being forced to change watches, clocks or stoves seniors and people with disabilities have enough to do daily trying to manage their lives. Why not figure out something to help us all financially. It also is intrusive costly and maddening
I love Darlene ! I hate it, I hate it also! So many people in the Northwest get so depressed, including kids ! Dark, dark and more dark ! Let’s let nature do it’s thing! And life is short clean your house whenever you want, but do change batteries, but really the alarm will tell you so ! Let’s let nature do it’s thing please!
It makes sense to me to stay on Standard time all year.
I hope enough agree that that will happen.
Thanks
Please leave the time alone!! Do not go to Daylight Savings Time.
It’s ridiculous to upset our lives with these time changes!!
I love DST just because I love to have a longer day. Wish that it was all year long. Darkness starts too. early in the in the winter months.
I support doing away with day Light Saving time. Just naturally the days will become longer and shorter based on the sun.
Additionally many people become very depressed with the change 2 times a year. The adjustment period might take as long as a few weeks to month. This is why I don’t see the need for it any longer.
Is Washington State stopping Daylight Saving Time entirely? So we do not have to switch clocks, etc. back to Standard Time? Very difficult for Senior Citizens to keep changing clocks, etc.?????
I personally am thrilled to get that hour of sleep back in November. It takes a few weeks to
adjust my sleep pattern when we lose one hour in the Spring. Just leave well enough alone!
The time change is a pain in the butt and serves no useful function!
Wow! Thank You for an excellent reminder of … Necessity & or Not Necessary
At All … We (Must) Decide … but by Law, Abide … Well Done !!!
I hate it also! I really don’t see the purpose for it to begin with. It’s not saving on anything. Let the people who want the extra sunlight to adjust their lives and leave the rest of us alone, put it on a ballot and let the people decide.
The time change is a pain in the ankle and we should compromise by setting it one half-hour
forward and leave it there. The present system screws up everybody’s circadian cycle twice a year with few benefits
I like the fact I get the extra hour sleep,however, I am very lazy during DST. I prefer have light. I’ve always changed the batteries in my smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors. I flip my mattress each season change fall, winter, spring, and summer. It just stays dark too long. Waking up in the dark, coming home in the dark! I do wish they would just leave it be.
Here in Texas, if we stay on DST all year, our children are catching the school bus in total darkness at 7:00 A.M. Safer? Really? DST DOES NOT WORK FOR TEXAS. Farmers work from “ sun up to sun down” not “clock up to clock down”. Let us live the way nature means for us to live. Our bodies are unable to adjust to changing the clocks twice a year!
I live in Arizona now and I love that the time doesn’t change except it changes for my immediate family which lives in other time zones and they don’t like it either. I worked 23 years of nights on a surgical floor the time change could really screw up medication times. What time is a sports event on TV here if it’s played in New York or elsewhere TV is basically eastern standard time. Daylight saving time does not save anything. It is easy to adjust to the few minutes change of daylight and dark each day and. The human race has done it for thousands of years.
I HATE IT! I HATE IT!! I HATE IT!!!
I FELT LIKE A MOLE. WHEN I WORKED IT WAS DARK, COMING HOME IT WAS DARK. LEAVE IT ALONE!
AGREEING WITH MOST PEOPLE – IT’S VERY, VERY DEPRESSING. LOOKED AT THE CLOCK AND IT READ 7:30 PM. THOUGHT IT WAS 9:30 PM AND FEEL LIKE I SHOULD BE IN BED.
HATE IT! HATE IT !! HATE IT !!! DON’T CHANGE THE CLOCKS AND LEAVE IT ALONE!!!
TIRED OF GOING THROUGH THIS YEAR AFTER YEAR. GETTING SO TIRED OF FEELING LIKE I SHOULD BE IN BED AT 4:30 PM.
PLEASE, PLEASE STOP THIS – IT IS STUPID!!!! THANKS FOR LETTING ME GET THIS OFF OF MY CHEST TO THE WORLD AND NOT JUST DRIVING MY FRIENDS CRAZY, KNOWING I WILL EXPLODE EVERY TIME THIS “FALL BACK” STUFF HAPPENS!!!!!!!!!!!
I could not have said it better, thank you !!!
I absolutely HATE daylight savings time. It’s dark when I get off work and I just want to curl up in my bed. Pets hate it too, especially if you feed them at the same time every morning and evening. They think you have forgotten them. I really hope this nonsense stops. And here’s the kicker. I live in the “Sunshine State” so it doesn’t make sense to lose an hour of daylight. So depressing 😞
I agree let’s stop changing the time twice a year. But I suggest leaving it on the day light saving time year round. There is no way on earth we would be able to get businesses to change business hours. Between the upset customers and employees we would have an entirely new pandemic on our hands.
Hopefully we can put this daylight savings on a ballot. I think we need to get rid of this ridiculous time thing. Winter gets unbearable cause days are way way short.
I really, really hate changing time, what it does to me after 4pm that gets dark I dislike going out. I stay home wasting time,cause it is very hard for me to adjust,so my depression gets worst.
I dislike Daylight Savings. It is so dark when you wake up in the morning, and it gets dark so early in the afternoon in the West. Let’s just leave it alone.
I WOULD LIKE DAY LIGHT STAY 1 HOUR A HEAD, SO IT CAN BE MORE DAY LIGHT IN EVENING, AND PART OF NIGHT,CAUSE IT WOULD GET DARK AT 9’CLOCK P.M
Who thinks they have the Power and Authority to change time, any ways??
If you need more time under the Sun…get up earlier !!
Quit trying to Change and Control the American People (“WE THE PEOPLE”) and the World…
I see people saying they gain an hour or lose an hour of daylight. Sorry folks, but there is no change in the amount of daylight on any day. The only thing Daylight Saving Time does is change the time on a clock to take earlier or later “clock time” advantage of that daylight in YOUR schedule. After the transition, you think you have gained or lost because you are using the same clock time in your schedule. Either more or less daylight is an illusion. In my opinion it is a wasted motion to change the clocks.
Well said! Thanks!!!
We need to abolish DST and just leave the time alone already. Thankfully we have electricity in the US and farmers and others can do most things now with timer lights, etc. While I enjoy “falling back” and having an extra hour of sleep for a while, it is VERY hard “springing forward”. Yes, it does lead to more accidents, etc. when people don’t get enough sleep.
Daylight saving time (which I prefer to call Government Stupidity Time) makes no sense at all, and I don’t believe anybody actually has a plausible explanation for why we still do it. If you were going to save daylight, then you would be doing that in the winter when there’s less of it. Why not just set the clocks to daylight saving time and leave them that way all year round?
I don’t like it. It messed up my sleep. I don’t sleep well anyway, so with Daylight Saving, it makes it worse.
Plus, in the summer, have you ever had to put a child to bed when the sun is still shining?
I love DST. So much more time with light in the evening! I have never had a problem with the time changes, other than remembering which weekend it is. If it is such a problem, then just make it a half hour back and leave it there. Everyone gets part of their preference and no more arguments about which time is better. Compromise.
Personally I hate it. My system never completely adjusts before it’s tossed back or fourth in the other direction. I lived in Arizona for a time and loved the fact that we did not change. I now live In Florida and we voted to stop doing it two years ago, but the US Congress has to vote to approve it, and so far they can’t seem to find the time.
Also Mother Nature automatically changes each day’s light or dark a minute or two, thus creating what we call the Winter and Summer Equanox, the shortest and longest day in the year. Doesn’t matter if we play with the clocks she’s going to do her thing and personally I think we should let her do so and spend our time and use our brains for more important things.
Leave it alone………Seniors do not need ( Fall Back )
I and my husband do not like daylight saving time. It just is another thing to remember to do. It also makes the nights much too long throughout the fall and winter months. It’s hard enough to get thru winters in Ohio without adding the added darkness with short days!!
I think it should be permanently left in the “Daylight Saving” time, the way it is right now! I have Seasonal Afflicted Disorder & when it gets dark earlier in the evening, I become depressed. When the sun goes down all I want to do is go to bed.
I love DST! More light, more energy to do things. So much more alert. Lower electric bills. I’m sad when it gets dark so early. I always look forward to December 21st when the days begin to get longer and Daylight time is coming back.
Nice write up, except Daylight Saving Time is ENDING. We are starting Pacific Standard Time next weekend….NOT DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME. LOL
A very well written article. It answers some questions I’ve been wondering about. My opinion is that we should stay on daylight savings time permanently.
Daylight saving time upsets our sleep patterns, making us more tired for a couple of weeks. It confuses my pets who expect to eat at the time to which they are accustomed.
GREAT ARTICLE – wouldn’t it be nice to list the day, month, times????????????
Really enjoyed this blog and the in-depth info about DST. I love living in Arizona and not having to change the clocks. The only problem is my Eastern contacts who can’t get their head around the two hour difference in winter but three hours in summer. A lot of early morning wake up calls occur. I vote to do away with DST.
I think DST is stupid. I agree we get what seems like longer days because it stays light outside later. But doesn’t the sun also rise later? I really hate DST, because when it ends in the fall, it shortens our days because it gets dark so early. So, it is drastic and depressing when the days are already getting shorter, and the cold dark winter is coming. And why we throw away an hour of daylight in the fall is just stupid. I would prefer year round daylight hours that don’t mess with our well being. The drastic sudden loss of the last hour of light in the fall puts a lot of the population at risk for winter blues kicking in. Then everyone is driving home from work in the dark. Why don’t we just adjust to natural sunrise and sunset all year round and not have these stupid drastic inconveniences with our clocks?
Hear, Hear!!!! Right on the mark
I’m in Arizona and we don’t change our clocks but you all do! It is very confusing to me as well. Is my brother in Washington DC 3 hours or 2 hours away? Are my friends in California on the same time as me or not? An what about television programs? Cable channels vs. network. Are they now an hour earlier or an hour later or are they same. I used to have occasion to call the Navajo Reservation which is partly in Arizona but they are on DST or are they?
Very confusing! If I had to change my clocks it might spur me to do other twice yearly things. But I don’t so those things are still neglected!
I hate it! California voted overwhelmingly to keep DST all year. We had no choice between DST & PST so in order to stop changing our clocks that’s how I voted. I personally prefer Pacific Standard Time. Here in CA nothing has changed, & again we will be changing our clocks. Do our votes even count! I’m so disgusted!
Florida has already passed a bill not to change the time. It just needs approval of Congress and surrounding States.
I think when we turn the clocks back we should leave it alone and never touch the clocks again. I hate the change. It just doesn’t make sense to me.
Great article on DST. Thank you for the explanation on the reasons for DST. And for suggestions on other things to do during the change.
Stop springing forward and falling back. It.makes no sense and only causes confusion.
I am all for DST if there were a real benifit, but we are now in the 21st century. It is now more of a money and time waster for many people and companies to have to reset their time. Also the changing and waiting until after Halloween was a joke becuase now almost all people just wait until after it is dark to go trick or treeting. Although with COVID does it really even matter anymore. Here where I am we arent supposed to be out anyway.
Go to standard time and LEAVE IT ALONE!!!!
When will people realize that you do NOT get an extra hour of daylight? Sure it shifts the time to daylight, but it really harms humans with this change in their schedules. It isn’t safer. Leave things the way they are all year long.
Living in the northern part of the country it makes a lot of sense. Working construction makes it safer for the workers to work in day light, the more the better.
In addition to other changes in connection with DST, you might also change the rotation of ceiling fans.
I like the Indian’s explanation: “only a white man thinks by cutting off a foot of their blanket and sewing it to the top of the blanket makes it longer or shorter.”
I keep hoping legislation will stop this nonsense for Texas! You cannot change the crowing of a rooster nor when a cow needs to be milked by showing them you are changing the clock. But I still like the Indian’s logic best of all! Think about it in Austin, when you are making and changing laws in your next session. Thank you very much!
Because I live in the Great Lakes region I appreciate Daylight Savings Time.
It isn’t pleasant to be out at 4:30pm and have to drive in the dark or try to walk outside.
As it is, our winters are very dark and dreary. We need the light to shine!
I like DST. It would be nice just to change it to DST and leave it there all year around. More light when we come home from work.
I don’t like it either. I don’t like driving in the dark. However, if I remember correctly , back in the 70’s we didn’t change the time. Children were waiting at bus stops in the dark. One little person was playing in the leaves and was hit by the bus. I think he/she died. Sad
Although it was implemented to save fuel costs, it has been proven over the past
52 years in all the studies not to have saved a single penny! therefore I say let’s stop
the experiment, and messing with our lives, and admit we were wrong, and allow us
to enjoy sunsets here in San Diego and elsewhere at 8:00 P.M. or later after all that is
why we pay so much to live here! Thank You!
Why all the confusion? If you want to get up an hour or two early, get up. If you want to go to bed and hour or two later, do so. If you wish to run your business hours from 9 pm to 6 am, then let it be done.
Forcing everyone (except those who don’t) to change time on clocks for no reason other than to change them. Has no rational reason. It simply adds additional confusion to an already complex life.
Leave the time alone!!!! We just spend more money as in fall and winter our lights come on sooner so we spend more on that, and it’s still dark for kids so just don’t understand that at all!! I think it’s just a way for them to just get more money out of all of us!!!!!!
It’s like John Tyler said. You don’t get an extra hour of daylight. It just shifts it from evening to morning or from morning to evening, depending on whether your turning the clock forward or backwards.
I would like Daylight Saving Time to end. I feel it doesn’t serve a valid purpose.
Before the onset of DST, the world for centuries survived without it and it will survive again without it, let it die.
Hello USA DON’T WE LIVE IN A GRATE Country . Let’s ALL Be proud to have this place to CALL Home
.. TO all My Friends AND Family. Benjamin Ellis
While I see the logic in DST, I have experienced the problems, too, with difficulty getting to appointments, sleep deprivation, etc.
I favor the propsal to split the difference, set time back 30 minutes this fall, and call it good.
Thanks for covering this timely topic so well!
I hate daylight saving time. I say is you want more daylight, just get up earlier.
I don’t understand why people think we get “an extra hour of daylight.” The sun doesn’t shine any longer??? It doesn’t make sense to me. Let’s pick an optimum setting and stick to it all year. If makes more sense to adjust the time we get up, start and stop businesses, etc., as we move through the seasons.
Nice, comprehensive article, except for one major omission: WHICH WEEKEND DOES IT OCCUR ON? Since 2020 has 5 Saturdays in October, I’m not certain. Obviously from the dates of the comments, Hartford has recycled this article more than once. Hartford, if you want to make this article relevantly useful, please include the date on which the time change will occur.
Jane,
Thanks for reading! Be sure to change your clocks before you go to bed on Saturday, October 31, 2020.
You left out one important piece of information; the date we change the clocks!
This year you’ll want to change your clocks before you go to bed on Saturday, October 31, 2020.
I think it is a waste of time and money. People who like to get up early can set their alarm clocks.
Thank you for your explanation.
There is both pluses and negatives to changing the time twice a year and in the rural country where I live there are more pluses. As previously mentioned children waiting for school buses or walking to and from school have more daylight for safety. Driving is also safer as October and November are deer mating season and being able to drive with more daylight and avoid deer crashes are a plus in rural areas. Other animals crossing roads can be seen clearer and longer with the extra light. A negative would be the sleep adjustment that usually takes a week but I do enjoy the longer evenings for accomplishing chores around the home.
Why upset America just split the difference by 30 minutes and leave it alone.
This is an archaic practice and time for it to come to an end. As far as children going to school in the dark, that really depends on where you live and does not affect everyone equally throughout the country. Is that really a reason to disrupt everyone’s everything? In the North the days are short, children routinely come and go in the dark no matter if the clocks are changed an hour or not. In the South it doesn’t matter much at all. It is very disruptive and no longer serves a purpose.
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I’m almost 72 years old now and I always loved it. I had more daylight when I got off from work. I had time to get things done around the house or go fishing.
I love daylight saving. I love autumn, I don’t mind Changing the clock, it’s only twice a year. I can do that.
Changing our clocks make about as much sense as the teats on a boar hog.
I hate it!
Why can’t the whole United States stop changing their clocks back! The time change makes me crazy.
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Why not compromise and change clocks 30 minutes once and never again.
I hate day light saving time and do not see any advantages for it. It confuses travel time and many other routine schedule events.
I think it may be a good idea as no one mentioned the children going and coming home from school in the dark.
I do not like day light saving time. It upsets my life twice a year. Sleep patterns are of for at least 3 weeks each time.
It is not nessasary and I would like to see it ended. Thank you
I think this stinks just leave it alone and the world will go on. It always causes confusion and is hard on people making the adjusting.