From smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and cordless tools, lithium-ion batteries power our modern lives. These compact energy sources offer convenience and efficiency, but they also carry a potential hidden risk of fire. While understanding the root cause of a fire can be tricky, the National Fire Protection Association estimates that lithium-ion batteries account for nearly 300 fires per year—and this figure is likely an underestimate. More precise tracking in Massachusetts identified 50 fires in just six months related to lithium-ion batteries.
The more these batteries are used to charge up our lives, the more of a risk they present. Whether you own or rent your home, understanding the types of lithium-ion batteries and the potential hazards they cause is essential for maintaining the safety and the protection of your home and loved ones.
What Are the Differences Between Lithium-Ion and Regular Batteries?
Lithium-ion batteries are not your standard battery; they’re rechargeable, contain more energy and have a longer lifespan. It’s no surprise these power banks have gained in popularity over the last few years and are projected to keep climbing. In 2023, the market value of the lithium-ion battery industry was just shy of 54.5 billion dollars and is expected to grow with a “compound annual growth rate of around 20.3% from 2024-2030.” The largest contributor to this increase? Electric vehicles.
To quickly compare and contrast battery types, we’ve compiled some key differences:2
| Feature | Lithium-Ion Batteries | Regular Batteries |
| Rechargeability | Rechargeable | Alkaline: Not Rechargeable Lead-acid: Rechargeable |
| Energy Density | High: Powers demanding devices | Moderate: Suitable for low-power items |
| Common Uses | Phones, laptops, electric vehicles, power tools | Remote controls, flashlights, toys |
| Cost | Higher upfront cost | Lower cost |
| Disposal | Must be disposed of properly at a local approved recycling or collection program | Alkaline: Safe to dispose of in household trash, but recycling is the better choice Lead-Acid: Recycle |
| Safety Risks | Fire hazard if damaged or overheated | Low risk, as they may leak but rarely ignite |
Not all lithium-ion batteries are the same. In fact, depending on your tool or appliance, you may be using one of several.
Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries are used in cell phones, laptops, tablets, digital cameras and many other devices, making them the most popular in our everyday lives. Lithium titanate (LTO) batteries, on the other hand, are commonly used in electric vehicles and solar lights.
Why Lithium-ion Batteries Can Catch Fire
Lithium-ion batteries store a high amount of energy in a small space. When damaged, overcharged, exposed to heat or manufactured poorly, they can undergo a process called thermal runaway. This chain reaction causes the battery to overheat, vent flammable gases and potentially explode or ignite.
Common triggers include:
- Physical damage (dropping, puncturing or crushing)
- Improper charging (using incompatible chargers or overcharging)
- Exposure to high temperatures (near stoves, in hot cars or direct sunlight)
- Manufacturing defects (especially in low-cost or counterfeit products)
Common Risks at Home
Lithium-ion battery fires are fast, hot and toxic. They can reach temperatures over 1,000°F and release harmful gases like hydrogen fluoride. These fires can cause devasting damage very quickly; they often spread faster than traditional house fires since they’re actually chemical reactions, and they’re difficult to extinguish with water or standard fire extinguishers (Lithium-ion Battery Fires: Alarming Statistics and Trends | Fire Statistics). The speed with which these fires escalate can leave little time to react.
Tip: Being prepared is the key to staying safe. Ensure you have a home inventory and fire safety plan at the ready.
Specifically, lithium-ion battery fire risks often occur in:
- Bedrooms and offices, from charging phones or laptops overnight on flammable surfaces
- Garages, where often e-bikes, scooters or power tools are stored with aging batteries
- Kitchens and living rooms, where smart devices or toys with lithium-ion batteries may be near heat sources
How To Lower Fire Risks from Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries don’t need to be feared, but they do need to be respected.
Here’s how to reduce your risk:
- Charge safely: Use manufacturer-approved chargers and avoid charging on beds, couches, or near curtains.
- Replace when needed: Lithium-ion batteries degrade over time, even if they are not used heavily, so it is best to replace batteries every 2 to 4 years.
- Store wisely: Keep batteries in cool, dry places away from direct sunlight or heat.
- Don’t mix and match: Avoid using third-party batteries or chargers unless certified by a recognized certification body or regulatory authority, such as Underwriters Laboratory ( Enhance Workplace Lithium-ion Battery Safety | UL Solutions).
- Inspect regularly: Look for swelling, leaking or discoloration. Dispose of damaged batteries immediately.
- Recycle responsibly: Never toss lithium-ion batteries in the trash. If a battery is damaged, do not attempt to repair it – use local battery recycling programs or a local collection program instead.
What To Do if a Battery Catches Fire
If a lithium-ion battery starts smoking or sparking:
- Evacuate the area immediately.
- Call 911. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire yourself.
- Avoid inhaling fumes. They can be toxic and corrosive.
- Do not touch or move the battery. Even after the fire is out, it may reignite.
Stay Informed to Stay Safe
Lithium-ion batteries quickly and efficiently power up our daily lives and are here to stay. While they are generally safe when handled properly, being aware of their fire risks and taking simple precautions can help protect your property, loved ones and peace of mind.